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Residential Buildings PDF Print E-mail
For residential buildings, wood continued to be the dominant building material in Corvallis. While the latter part of the nineteenth century saw the predominance of the balloon frame house, the platform frame was most typically used in the twentieth century. In a platform frame house, the studs reach only to the top of each floor instead of the full height of the building as in the balloon frame. Round, wire-drawn nails began to replace square, machine-cut nails at the beginning of the century in Corvallis and, by 1905, the use of square nails had become rare within the city.

Exterior-end wall chimneys became popular with the rise of the various architectural styles of the early twentieth century. Colored pressed brick, often laid in a pattern of light and dark tone bricks, was commonly used for chimneys in Corvallis. Cobblestones, architecturally more correct for the Bungalow and Craftsman styles, were used in some instances.

Wood shingles began to be used for wall cladding in Corvallis after the turn of the century. While in the nineteenth century, the function of wood shingles was primarily decorative on a small portion of wall surface (except for the Shingle Style), the early twentieth century styles, spawned by the Arts and Crafts movement, frequently employed wood shingles as a rustic wall cladding material. In 1920, referring to the construction of the Armstrong Bungalow at 353 "B" Street, the newspaper explained that, "Instead of using ordinary siding, the walls were covered with shingles, which makes a very tight covering" (Gazette-Times, July 30, 1920). Wood board siding continued to be used with clapboard siding common. Clapboard suited the proliferation of Colonial-based house designs of this period.

On July 13, 1904, the Corvallis Times reported that: "It is the first of its kind to reach Corvallis, perhaps to arrive in Oregon. It is a machine that makes cement blocks for building purposes. Cement, sand, and gravel have come to be used largely in the east in the construction of buildings ...Machine arrived Monday and can be seen at Colbert furniture factory. Its owner is J.B. Whitney, who recently arrived from Waterloo, Iowa. Blocks can be made of any desired size or finish. Buildings of blocks are less costly and much handsomer than stone - and equally as durable" (Corvallis Times, July 13, 1904). Shortly thereafter, the firm of Mellon and Gendron manufactured and sold concrete blocks in Corvallis. Mellon and Gendron were located on First Street between Adams and Washington. These blocks, known as "miracle hollow blocks," could be manufactured with a rock face, and were often used in this period for foundations and porch piers and columns (Fig. IV-27). Several examples of houses constructed entirely of concrete blocks include the Levi Mellon House on the northwest corner of Fifteenth and Western (Fig. IV-26) and the Jack Taylor House at 806 SW Fifth.

C.L. Heckart and Son, prominent Corvallis building contractors, were the owners of the Benton Planing Mill and Builders' Supply Company. They also owned the Corvallis Stone Tile Company which manufactured a high grade stone tile for building purposes (Clark 1927:476-77). In 1922, the Builders' Supply Company, at 611 S. Second Street, carried a wide variety of cement building products, such as face brick, sewer pipe, drain tile, building and foundation blocks, chimney blocks, building tile, concrete balusters and railings. The company also promoted concrete buildings with a book containing 25 plans of different types of concrete homes and a book on Portland Cement Stucco. John W. Ash was the General Manager of the Builders' Supply Company (Gazette-Times, Jan. 1, 1923).

In 1925, Heckart and Son built a stone tile "model house" in Corvallis. Located at 2209 Van Buren, the house was completely furnished by local fixture and furniture firms. It was noted that, "Exhibition homes such as this one have made great hits in other cities, and while the idea is new to Corvallis, a distinct hit is expected to be made and a desire for home building is likely to be aroused"(Corvallis Gazette-Times, Feb. 18, 1925). This "bungalow" type house was built of sturdy "Stone-Tile", with an exterior finish of cream and Oriental stucco. Although the house cost $50.00 more than one of frame construction, the extra cost was offset by permanency and lower fire insurance rates. Also of note was that the house had 66 electric outlets (Corvallis Gazette-Times, Feb. 18, 1925).

Buxton's Central Planing Mill supplied mill work for many of Corvallis' homes and businesses during this period including the Hotel Benton, Whiteside Theater, Smith-Rennie Building, Good Samaritan Hospital, Anderson's Hospital, Nolan's Department Store, Montgomery Ward Building, Masonic Building, O.S.C. Women's Building, and the Methodist Church among others (Gazette-Times, May 10, 1951). Among the items available in 1923 were finished lumber, sash and doors, glass, machined woodwork, furniture, and kitchen equipment (Gazette-Times, Jan. 1, 1923). Another lumber company organized in the first decade of the twentieth century was the Independent Lumber Company on Sixth and Western. In the period around 1907, there was also a planing Mill owned by R.H. Colbert and Son. They may also have been building contractors.

The Corvallis Brick and Tile Works supplied brick for the a number of buildings constructed in 1923 including the Mountain States Power Office, the Methodist Episcopal Church, the new wing to the hospital, North School (Washington), the O.A.C. Heating Plant, the College Hill School (Harding), and Rickard's Garage among others.

Last Updated ( Tuesday, January 07 2003 )